The GPA formula
A standard GPA is calculated on a 4.0 scale. An A is usually worth 4.0 points, a B is worth 3.0, a C is worth 2.0, and so on. Plus and minus grades may use decimal values such as 3.7 for an A− or 3.3 for a B+.
GPA = sum of (grade points × course credits) ÷ total attempted credits
A worked example
Imagine a student takes three courses:
| Course | Grade | Points | Credits | Quality points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Biology | A | 4.0 | 4 | 16.0 |
| History | B+ | 3.3 | 3 | 9.9 |
| Statistics | B | 3.0 | 3 | 9.0 |
The quality points total 34.9 and the credits total 10. Divide 34.9 by 10 for a GPA of 3.49.
Skip the spreadsheetUse the free GPA calculator →Weighted vs. unweighted GPA
An unweighted GPA normally tops out at 4.0. A weighted GPA may award extra points for advanced courses, so an A in an honors or AP course could be worth more than 4.0. The exact rule depends on your school. Do not add extra weight unless your institution publishes a weighted scale.
Three common GPA mistakes
- Averaging letter grades without credits. A four-credit course should affect the result more than a one-credit course.
- Mixing grading scales. Check whether your school uses plus/minus grades, a 4.0 scale, or its own point system.
- Including excluded courses. Pass/fail, withdrawals, repeats, and transfer courses may be handled differently.
Frequently asked questions
Only after converting each percentage to the letter grade or grade-point value used by your school. Percentage-to-letter cutoffs vary.
Sometimes, but not always. Some institutions replace the earlier grade; others include both attempts. Use the rule in your academic handbook.